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RF Global's educational information on Crude Oil

About Crude Oil

Crude Oil, also known as Petroleum, is a naturally flammable liquid that is found beneath the Earth's surface. Crude Oil is considered to be a fossil fuel since it was formed when dead organisms such as algae were buried under sedimentary rock that underwent intense pressure and heat. Crude Oil/Petroleum is recoverable from oil drilling. After recovering the oil, it undergoes a refining process, usually separated by boiling point.

The primary uses of Petroleum is for producing petrol and fuel oil. Lighter grades of crude oil are best for producing petrol, jet oil, diesel, and other fuel oils. However, as the reserves of light and medium oil becomes depleted, refineries are forced to process heavy crude oil. Heavy crude oil has more carbon and not enough hydrogen and usually involves expensive methods to either remove the carbon or add hydrogen to convert it into simpler fuel.

Crude Oil can be classified from "light", which is straw-colored liquid, to "heavy", which is tar-black solid. It may also be considered "sweet" or "sour", depending upon the sulfur content.

Types of Crude Oil (click on each Class to expand for more information)

Class A: Light, Volatile Oils

-- Often Clear
-- Highly Fluid
-- Strong Odor
-- High Evaporation Rate
-- Spread quickly on water or solid surfaces
-- Usually Flammable
-- Highly toxic to fish, humans
-- Many Highest quality Light Crudes and refined products in this Class

Class B: Non-Sticky Oils

-- Oily or Waxy Feel
-- Less Toxic
-- Adheres to surfaces more than that of Class A oils
-- Can remove from surfaces with vigorous flushing
-- Can penetrate porous surfaces as the temperature increases
-- Medium to heavy paraffin-based oils in this Class

Class C: Heavy, Sticky Oils

-- Viscous, tarry or sticky
-- Brown/Black color
-- Oil does not readily penetrate porous surfaces
-- Flushing with water does not readily remove the material from surfaces
-- Low toxicity, although it can kill wildlife when spilled in the environment
-- Residual fuel oils and medium to heavy crude in this Class

Class D: Nonfluid Oils

-- Relatively Non-Toxic
-- Usually black or dark brown color
-- Does not penetrate porous substrates
-- Can coat surfaces and may melt, causing difficult cleanup
-- Residual Oil, Some high paraffin oils, Some weathered oils, Heavy Crude Oils, fall into this class

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Fuel Oils and Diesel Fuels are broken down by numbering system, categorized by API Gravity (weight and viscosity), as well as BTUs.

#1 -- #1 fuel oil, kerosene, jet fuel. #1 Diesel, #1 heating oil

#2 -- #2 diesel, #2 heating oil

#3 -- obsolete, no longer used, the ASTM no longer prints the specs for it

#4 -- #4 diesel, this is a heavy oil used in some large marine diesels

#5 -- #5 fuel oil, also known as bunker oil for ship boilers & diesels

#6 -- #6 heavy fuel oil, #3 heavy bunker oil, residuum, for boilers

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See our Standard & Actual Specifications for more some specifications on Crude Oil.

Please contact us at itr@rfglobalholdings.com if you would like to inquire about Oil Trading

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*Please Note: RF Global does not deal with any Futures related contracts in any Commodities. RF Global only deals with SPOT and Long-Term Commodity Contracts. Please also note that RF Global does not guarantee that it can match any specifications that are made available through the website. The specifications provided on the website are for convenience purposes only.

crude oil

petroleum

sulfur

fuel oil

viscosity

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